Peter Calabrese Essays - Business Cycle, Financial Crises

Peter Calabrese Economics 101 Dr. Maglione March 22, 2000 How has your life changed since 1991? Have you noticed: an increase of material goods around your house, a new car in your driveway, or a little bit bigger gut due to eating more prime rib and filet mignon. If you have answered yes to any of these questions you are among the millions that have benefited from the economic boom. The economic boom refers to the period of economic expansion that started in March of 1991 and is still happening to this day. The following report will analyze various aspects of the economic boom including: what contributed to the boom and the areas of the economy which are positively and negatively affected. It will also review how long it is projected to last and possibilities that could send our economy into a recession or even depression. "The Economic Boom" as previously stated refers to the period of economic expansion that started in March of 1991 and has been proceeding for the past 108 months. These 108 months have been the longest period of economic growth ever in American history. The stock market is growing faster than it ever has before. Unemployment is at an all time low and what's even more impressive is that inflation is staying down. As of February 2000 over 100,000 people were earning over a million dollars a year. It seems as though everything is contributing to the "Boom". Suddenly there is an increase in entrepreneurs, these entrepreneurs create jobs for people. The stock market is reaching record heights and with unemployment at a low people have money to invest in companies. Stocks now account for 54% if household financial assets. 40 million investors have entered the market since the Boom began. The end of the cold war is another of the more important events leading to the ?Boom." With the collapse of the Soviet Union, America has been able to reduce its emphasis from national security to economic growth. Now instead of making wartime supplies with increased tax revenue the government can set it sites on balancing the budget. To further increase American production and sales European and Asian countries began dropping trade barriers. Finally and perhaps of most importance is the new technology. Technology is paving the way toward the future. Everything from online stock trading to car companies such as Ford ordering supplies. Online buying or e-commerce has cut cost and the time that it takes to ship a product. Free markets incorporated states that purchasers are saving anywhere from 2% to 5% by letting suppliers bid for business online Gartner group estimates that technology investments will rise from 3.5% of revenue which it is now to an average of 5.8%. The internet also allows instant analysis of goods farmers can find where they will get the highest prices for their crops, and after these crops have been delivered they can log onto the net to see how their product compares to others of the same type. Finally the net is also used to collect information from customers. This information can then be used to design a more desirable superior product. For the most part the main part of the economy that is positively affected by the "Boom" is technology and anyone that has anything to do with technology. From technology stocks to business that process orders online technology is making the market turn. However certain parts of the economy seem to be going belly up. Low price imports from developing countries are wiping out thousands of American jobs in the steel and textile industries. As a matter of fact even in this time of economic wealth 44 million Americans are still without health insurance. Finally the gap between poor and rich is enormous, The bottom fifth of US households receives less than 4% of the national income with the top fifth is responsible of obtaining more than half of the income. How long will the "Boom" last? No one can really tell for sure, but predictions can be made as to why it will either bust or continue. In a recent interview with President Clinton he states the reasons that he believes the boom will last. First the president states that the hard times

Statue of Liberty essays

Statue of Liberty essays For over a century, the Statue of Liberty has stood valiantly in the open air, symbolizing freedom throughout the world. She has held a patriotic place in each and every American heart since she was unveiled in October 1886. She has greeted all the immigrants into Ellis Island, announcing that their journey to the "land of the free" has finally come to an end. Her flaming torch, flowing robes, and spiked crown have long since been an inspiration for American Pride, and the supreme power and grace of her posture have given the United States a symbolic mascot that will forever display the power, wealth, and freedom of this great nation. The Statue of Liberty, officially Liberty Enlightening the World, was designed by French sculptor Frederic Auguste Bartholdi and completed in July 1884. The Statue of Liberty was given by the French as a symbol of friendship. The Statue of Liberty is a monumental sculpture, portraying a woman escaping the chains of tyranny, which lie at her feet. Held aloft in her right hand is a flaming torch, representing liberty. Her left hand grasps a tablet on which is inscribed in roman numerals, the date the United States declared its independence, "July 4, 1776." She wears flowing robes, and the seven rays of her spiked crown symbolize the seven seas and continents. The statue commemorates the alliance between the United States and France during the American Revolution from 1775 to 1783, and was funded completely through the donation of the French people. The Statue of Liberty was declared a national monument in 1924. In order to prepare for the statue's centennial year in 1986, a French-American rehabilitation project repaired and cleaned the statue, replacing the glass-and metal torch with one covered in gold leaf. The complete Statue of Liberty national monument also includes both Liberty Island and Ellis Island. ...

How does SAT Superscoring Affect your Test Strategy

How does SAT Superscoring Affect your Test Strategy SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Lots of colleges "superscore" your SAT scores, or take your highest section scores across all your test dates. Besides making your application stronger, this policy can also be valuable forhow you approach the SAT. How does it accomplish allthis? Read on to learn how SAT superscoring affects your overall testing strategy. First, what are the major benefits of SAT superscore? Why Superscoring Really is Super If thecollege you're applying to has a policy of superscoring your SAT results, then it will take your highest section scores across all test dates. This means you have nothing to worry about if you have some ups and downs in your scores. It also could help maximize your scores to your highest composite score. This example illustrates just how much superscoring can affect your composite score across different test dates. This student scored highly on Critical Reading on Test 1, on Math on Test 2, and on Writing on Test 3. This studentscored a total of 1500 on each of hertest dates, butsuperscoring allowed hercomposite score to jump up to an impressive 2100! Section Reading Math Writing Composite Test 1 700 400 400 1500 Test 2 400 700 400 1500 Test 3 400 400 700 1500 Superscore 700 700 700 2100 This is a somewhat exaggerated example, as hopefully you won't drop 300 points in any section when you retake the SAT. But it shows just how much of an impact superscoring can have. It's clear that viewing score reports across different test dates in this way is helpful when you apply to colleges. But stepping back a year or more before your application deadlines, can this policy affect your strategy for taking the SAT in the first place? Let's get strategic, like a game of human chess! How SAT Superscoring Affects Your Test Strategy In general, students who do best on the SAT are the ones who have a plan. They plan how to study for the SAT, when to take it, and how many times to take it. Rather than stumbling onto high scores randomly, they are intentional aboutall aspects of preparing for and taking the SAT. As part of this strategic planning, you could use this superscoring policy to your advantage. The first step is researching your colleges' policies towards SAT scores. If the schools you're applying to do superscoring, as many schools do, then youmight consider incorporating this into your test plan. Like your colleges, you could "superscore" your own test by building up your composite scores gradually across different test dates. You might study intensively for math for your first test date to achieve a strong math score. For your next test, you could prep especially for Reading, and then ramp up your Writing prep for the third. This approach could help focus your studying, as well as take the pressure off of each test. You'd only be aiming for a strong score in one section each time, rather than worrying about performing well in all three sections. In this way, this strategy could help relieve stress, break up the test into manageable chunks, and prevent it from becoming overwhelming. This plan of building up your composite score across different test sittings means you would take the SAT two, three, or more times. This would involve starting early, at least a year or so ahead of your college deadlines. You could take the SAT first in the fall of junior year, again in the spring, and then for a third time in the fall of junior year. If you want to leave yourself even more opportunities to test, in case of a fluke testing day or unsatisfactory scores, then you could push this schedule back even further. If you're using superscoring to your advantage, you can see how you'd want to understand your colleges' policies a year or more before you're actually applying to those schools. If you're reading this and thinking this strategy sounds like something you want to try, you should also be aware of the potential pitfalls of this approach. Before jumping into it, consider this word of caution. Caution:this strategy could get slippery when peeled. Word of Caution About This Strategy Using each SAT test date to focus on scoring highly in one section at a time does not mean ignoring or skipping the other sections completely. This would be an unnecessary risk for several reasons. It could look strange to admissions officers if you have huge fluctuations in your scores from one SAT to the next, for one thing. Significantups and downs could also look suspicious to College Board, who are on the lookout for odd activity on score reports. An unexplained decrease or increase of several hundred points between test administrations, especially taken in the same year, could potentially result in your scores being audited, withheld, or even cancelled. Some change is normal, even expected if you take the time to prep between tests, but you wouldn't want to completely ignore one or two out of the three sections while using this SAT superscoring strategy. Plus it could just throw off your whole pacing of the test, and managing your time is a big part of mastering the SAT. Building up your section scores can be a useful and effective strategy. Just be careful that you don't take it to the extreme. You could perhapsdevote about half your time prepping for one section, while still taking 1/4 of your remaining prep time for the other two sections. I would recommend putting the majority ofyour study time toward one section of the test when using this strategy, but not all of it. My other word of caution involves being mindful of the number of times you take the SAT. While you can technically take it as many times as you want, I wouldn't suggest exceeding 6 test administrations. The time and money put toward taking the SAT any more than this would probably be better spent on prepping to achieve the scores you desire in less time. By starting early, you should have enough test dates within this range to meet your goals, especially if you have a clear understanding of your colleges' stance on test scores and why superscoring is so helpful. Let's quickly review the most important ways it can work to your advantage. Major Takeaways for Your Testing Strategy These are the most important points to remember for your SAT testing strategy: Research your colleges' policies towards SAT scores well in advance of your applications, so you can consider incorporating them into your study plan and testing schedule. If your schools SAT superscore, then you can maximize your composite scores by studying for and gaining a strong score in one section at a time. Avoid taking the SAT more than 6 times, as this time and money could probably be better spent on test prep. Unless your schools require that you send all your scores, then consider using College Board's Score Choice to just send the reports that will give you the highest superscore (Math + Critical Reading + Writing). By knowing your schools' application requirements, you can take the pressure off of each SAT and prep in a focused way, one section at a time, to gain your strongest SAT scores. Knowledge really is power. What's Next? Regardless of whether or not you're building up your SAT scores one section at a time, you want to be mindful about when and how many times you take the test. Read about how to choose the best test dates for your schedule here. Some colleges no longer require SAT scores, while others let you send Subject Tests or AP scores in lieu of the SAT. See the full list of test optional and test flexible schools here. Are you wondering how students achieve the elusive 2400 on the SAT? This fullscorer explains the strategies and study plan he used to achieve a perfect score. Want to improve your SAT score by 240 points?We have the industry's leading SAT prep program. Built by Harvard grads and SAT full scorers, the program learns your strengths and weaknesses through advanced statistics, then customizes your prep program to you so you get the most effective prep possible. Check out our 5-day free trial today:

Big Tobacco Sues Feds over Graphic Warnings on Cigarette Labels Research Paper - 1

Big Tobacco Sues Feds over Graphic Warnings on Cigarette Labels - Research Paper Example cco has two distinct functions, one as a consumable article and the other as a revenue earner, which at times appears to secure conflicting official treatment" (Breed, 2011). To counter this thought that tobacco is injurious to health, major cigarette manufacturing companies spent millions of dollars. They found anti smoking campaign by the government just to malign the minds of the people since scientific research yet to establish the actual cause of death of a person. Any law or ordinance that prohibits the sale of cigarettes at this stage is unjustified. It backs the American jurisprudence a man or woman is â€Å"innocent until proven guilty† (Breed, 2011). Yet Scientists have to prove that tobacco smoke or any of its constituents in cigarette cause human disease. So far, the research and studies conducted to find out the real cause of death/damages on human body, comes to the conclusion that tobacco cannot be blamed as a solo reason for the death of a person but the weak immune system that vary from individual to individual effects the human body (Breed, 2011). The strong defense of the tobacco manufacturing companies is that they are contributing a lot in shape of taxes to the national exchequers imposed by the concerned state on tobacco products. Further this industry employees a large number of employees. In case of industry, failure there could be two pronged losses: a) loss of taxes that collects by the states b) unemployment. Any effort to undermine the industry would have devastating impact on the jobs of more than 400,000 workers associated with tobacco industry besides losing of jobs of another 300,000 employees of its allied industries. As far as revenue generation through sale of this product is concerned, smokers are contributing approximately ten billion dollars a year, which reflects the sizeable chunk towards total revenue of the United States of America (Breed, 2011). The biased advertisement comprised of pictures of those smokers who have

Building Capacity for Marketing Innovation Essay

Building Capacity for Marketing Innovation - Essay Example It is an established phenomenon that marketers should only concentrate on what is expressively demanded by consumers so as to enhance the firm's profitability. However, the marketing concept does not only require the marketers to evaluate and satisfy the expressed demands of individuals but also dig into the needs that are rarely expressed. The capability for marketing innovation depends upon several internal and external attributes of an organisation. In Chinese society, the willingness and capability of firms to innovate in more difficult because of the differences in external economic and social environment as compared to those of market economies. This paper provides an insight into the notion of innovation in the context of marketing concept. It presents a study into the capability building for marketing innovation in the companies. The paper also sheds light on the concept of capability building for marketing innovation in the context of Chinese market. Innovation is a concept highly misconceived in the context of marketing. Innovation is said to be the most crucial responsibility of companies operating in the competitive environment of 21st century. The concept of innovation encompasses the notion of doing something for the first time or introducing a product into the market that is outright new to the firm as well as the consumers. In the context of marketing, it refers to the marketers' ability to envision new ideas, give it a form of strategy, introduce it to the market and make consumers love it. Innovation is strictly important in the age of global competition where firms are continuously striving to gain a sustainable competitive advantage. A firm does not necessarily have to bring about a drastic change in the organization in order to be 'innovative.' According to Weerawardena, "innovativeness refers to a corporate environment that promotes and supports novel ideas, experimentation and creative processes that may lead to ne w products, techniques or technologies." (2003, p. 18) It all lies in the culture of an organization to encourage people to bring new ideas and promote the willingness for innovation. Innovation is something evidently related with the internal and external environment of any firm. A firm in order to be successful and be able to compete in the market needs to adapt with the environment and any changes taking place in the market. Carrying out new ideas successfully in the business either of manufacturing or services concern shows the innovation. One must know about the trends and changes that have come into the market during the period to innovate accordingly as they both go parallel to each other. (Calantone, Cavusgil and. Zhao, 2002). Innovation is about encouraging new ideas that are to be implemented to the business to compete in the market i.e. innovation of product, business structure, services etc. In the context of marketing concept, innovation primarily lies in coming up with offerings that have never been introduced before to consumer markers. It is about an offering which bears the capacity to stimulate the unexpressed demands of consumers. The core concept of marketing is highly misunderstood to be against the notion of innovation. Marketing does not create barriers in the way of innovation;

Bond Valuation Essay Example for Free

Bond Valuation Essay Discuss the impact of Standard Poor’s downgrading the U.S. credit rating in 2011. Address current and likely future impact on U.S. business, individuals, the global economy and current financial practices. Provide specific examples to support your response. The impact of Standard Poor’s downgrading the U.S. credit rating in 2011 shows us as consumers and investors that we should keep watch on all aspects of the government’s spending. A persistent crisis of confidence in the stock market could put the economy in a tailspin. The impact it would have on current U.S. business, individual global economy and current financial practices in nothing new that this country does not already know or should have seen in the past several years. Businesses have either gone belly-up or merged with another company to save what was left. An example of this is the health care system where a small privately owned practice is unable to carry on with the demands of running its own business and in order to save his business they are able to sign under a local hospital entity and continue on as usual not feeling much of the effects outside of possible changes in company policies and who is now actually paying the bills. The individuals effected is such a rating are those trying to establish a goal of retirement or credit building on their own and is forced to dig into their own savings in order to make ends meet due to the increasing tax demands taking what was once available to them. Globally this impact could result in outside investors not willing to extent already past amounts for the U.S. and further loans and cause the U.S. to grab what little the smaller businesses, families, and financial institutions are able to squeeze and cause more unemployed, closed companies and a downfall of the presumption that the U.S. is the country where dreams are made†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦of course all this won’t happen overnight but if things do not change, this is what we could be facing.

Advancement of Civic Engagement by Community Foundations in Low Income

The role of civic engagement in neighborhood revitalization, particularly in low income African American communities, has gained increased awareness and in recent years. Community, nonprofit, and government leaders now view civic engagement as a critical component of effective solutions as they seek to address crime, unemployment, low graduation rates and numerous other neighborhood challenges. Several successful initiatives have come to fruition and provide strong evidence of the benefits that increased civic engagement provides. Experts commonly define civic engagement as individual and group actions that collectively address general issues of concern that are public in nature. Civic engagement takes many forms such volunteerism, community organizing, and involvement in public policy and political issues. Individuals and community residents can express civic engagement through a variety of activities including participating in neighborhood associations, communicating with elected officials, and volunteering for local nonprofits. Golod (2008) analyzed the Southside Family Charter School located in Minneapolis, MN which serves as a prime example of early civic engagement. Students enrolled in the school reside in a low income community that is close to 50% African American. To improve civic engagement of students and parents, school administrators have developed lesson plans with a focus on civil rights. As a result, the community is preparing a new generation of residents focused on improving their community who follow in the footsteps of parents serving in volunteer capacities and as strong neighborhood activists. The McCormick Foundation recently demonstrated a commitment to civic engagement here in Chicago by ... ...are: Pushing the boundaries of civic engagement for african american youth. Liberal Education, 97(2), 34-39. Golod, F. (2008). Civil rights and social justice: A path to engagement and transformation. Horace, 24(3), 6. Grillo, M.,C., Teixeira, M. A., & Wilson, D. C. (2010). Residential satisfaction and civic engagement: Understanding the causes of community participation. Social Indicators Research, 97(3), 451-466. Kimball, K., & Kopell, M. (2011). Letting GO. Stanford Innovation Review, 9(2), 37- 41. Maton, K. I. (2008). Empowering community settings: Agents of individual development, community betterment, and positive social change. American Journal of Community Psychology, 41(1-2), 4-21. Tester, G., Ruel, E., Anderson, A., Reitzes, D. C., & Oakley, D. (2011). Sense of place among atlanta public housing residents. Journal of Urban Health, 88(3), 436-53.

Per Clausewitz’s On War Essay

Per Clausewitz’s On War focal points on how victory can be achieved, reader see a keen interest in how to disarm the enemy using reciprocal and proportionate â€Å"efforts to his powers or resistance. † This implies that to win a war you might use all means, strength, and resources within your power to deliver the best strategy possible. Using â€Å"calculation of probabilities† victory can achieved by fully knowing what is at stake and how to attack at the right time. Being aware of the political agenda and reasoning behind a war allows for more awareness of political and military alliances in order to achieve victory in war. In addition, by understanding that there are tactics and strategy which must be used in war a victory can be acquired (website, Handel). To Clausewitz this means that â€Å"preparations for War† and the â€Å"War itself† must be seen as distinct entities. By preparing for the War you are acquiring all needed provisions and equipment, and comprehending the enemy and terrain in which the battles might be fought (Clausewitz Book 6). Sun too indicates that preparation for War is strongly required, and that without it practicality of strategy is lost. This would include any tactics to be used, calculations which can done, deriving rules or â€Å"even systems for the conduct of war†, and understanding that knowledge can be â€Å"converted into real power†. Clausewitz considers that â€Å"war is science when mere knowing; art, when doing. † This law of action must include strategy. This in turn â€Å"links together the series of acts which are to lead to the final decision† or finality of victory. Because these strategic elements are key to achieving victory, this author insists that the â€Å"use of engagements†¦. be classified into: moral, physical, mathematical, geographical, and statistical† aspects. This elements manifest within the process and act of War, and encompass the idea that strategic assembly of forces enables victory. Clausewitz indicates that the use of battle leads to the destruction of the enemy’s military, and that a great results is achieved by battle (KLINGER 79-89).

Consumer Buying Behavior of Cosmetics

Introduction: Consumer buying behavior is the study of how individuals make decision to spend the available resources – time, money and effort on consumption related items i. e. , what they buy, why they buy, when they buy, where they buy, how often they buy and use a product or services. In the process of consumers’ buying behavior focuses on how commercial and social marketing can anticipate and within the marketing pillar, the knowledge generated in the consumer behavior pillar provides information for firms to develop new marketing strategies. Cosmetic’ relates to the treatment intended to improve person appearance outwardly. Different consumers have got different perception towards buying cosmetic. With the changing times and the consumer demands organization should be more customer oriented. Consumer buying behavior with regard to cosmetic in comparison of Modicare and Oriflame, leading brands of cosmetic for both genders of all ages.Modicare an India brand deals not only with cosmetics but also with home care, nutrition health and wellness, personal care, laundry care, food and beverage, agriculture and auto care. Oriflame on the other hand is a Sweden brand dealing mostly with cosmetics. A comparison study on these two brands on their cosmetic as how consumer get attracted to buy them, how consumer s satisfied with the products and what make the consumer to buy the products.Marketers must study the customer taste, preferences, wants, shopping and buying behavior because such study provides the clues for developing the new products, price, product changes, messages and other marketing mix element which help in the growth of organization. Thus studying the consumer behavior is a very complex process, as it involves not only the economic factors but also the emotional factors. Objectives of the study * To study the purpose of purchasing cosmetic * To study consumer decision on choosing brand * To study the benefits of cosmetics To stud y the advantage and disadvantage of cosmetic. Description of the problem The problem is to identify whether cosmetics have really work as being advertised and various cosmetic meant for different problem has brought solution or not. Justification for the proposed study The reason for taking up the study is to know the effects of cosmetics which make the consumer get attracted to it. Database The target population for this research would be adult with age of 17-30 and the data will be collected through both primary as well as secondary source.

A Boy Called It essays

A Boy Called It essays The story A Child Called It, by David Pelzer is one of the most astonishing chronicles about his survival through child abuse. The biography is viewed through the childs eyes for the purpose to help others heal from traumatic pasts. The story of David Pelzers childhood is imperative to be available to readers because of the life lessons the book bestow and the quality of Pelzers compelling writing. A Child Called It is basically about one childs courage to survive. During the 1970s, Pelzers child abuse was recorded to be the third most severe in the state of California. He endured both physical and mental cruelty to his emotionally unstable, alcoholic mother, Catherine Roerva. David Pelzer was brutally beaten, starved, and tortured so much that she no longer considered him a son or a boy, but just it. Many lessons can apply to the book and one can interpret the theme in dissimilar ways. I believe the storys primary lesson is that ones courage and willpower is liable to facilitate ones survival. Life will go on no matter how atrocious circumstances seem. I wanted to show the bitch that she could beat me only if I died, and I was determined not to give in, even to death. [Pg. 91] The passage shows David Pelzer willpower and determination; he believed he could win and attain his mothers torture and cruelty. Even though his ambition to survive consisted of loathing his mother, the lesson exemplifies how good determination can result in triumph. Overall, the biography of David Pelzers childhood was ghastly. Though each struggle he goes though, the reader can find himself enduring his pain, comforting his loneliness, and fighting for his will to survive. The detail Pelzer writes gives the readers an awakening to the truth about child abuse. When his mother forces David to eat ammonia, he vividly describes My thro...

Business Studies

What does the nature of business mean ? Usually, when filling out some kind of form, nature of business refers to the type or general category of business or commerce you are describing. For example, if you worked at McDonalds, the nature of your business is food services. Nature of Business means what type of business your are doing? like Wholesale, Retail or Service, Manufacturing, Marketing, etc. If you want more specific, then HBA wholesale, Car Service, Furniture manufacturing, health Drinks Marketing, etc. The nature of business, means what exactly your business is doing and what is the service/product you are offering. For example the nature of Walmart as a business is Retail and the nature of Microsoft is Software. Internal and External Influences on businesses The external environment includes those factors over which the business has little control, such as government policy, technology, economic conditions and social attitudes. The internal environment includes these factors over which the business has some degree of control, such as products, location, resources, management and business culture. External Influences on business  ·Economic  ·Financial  ·Markets  ·Competitive siuation Technological  ·Institutional  ·Political  ·Legal  ·Social  ·Geographic If you had a shop and everyone decided to go to another shop that would be an econmic disaster! If this continues for a month then the business would close, employees would be laid off, and landlords and suppliers will not be paid. Charasteristics of boom perios Higer lever of employment -Inflation may increase The level of spending by consumers increases as they have more confidence in the economy Characteristics of recessi on period Unemployment levels rise Inflation may remain stable or fall Wages are less likely to rise as employers The level of spending usually decreases Internal influences on Business Product The types of good and services will affect the internal operations of a business, The product influence and the size of the business -Location -A good location is an asset and will lead to high levels of sales and profits and a bad location is a liability that adversely affects sales and products  ·Location Factors Visibility, promixity to customers, promixity to suppliers and promiximity to support devices -Management- Resource management -Business culture Failure to SME failure  ·Failure to plan  ·lack of information  ·leaderhsip skills  ·inaccurate record keeping  ·new taxes  ·not enough sales  ·economic turndown  ·staff difficulties Success to SMEs  ·Entrepemtual abilities

Relationship interaction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Relationship interaction - Essay Example & Mrs. Smith. In the film Brad and Angeline play a married couple who both work as highly paid assassins. However, neither one in the beginning realizes that the other kills for a living. The couple, in the introduction of the film, was having marital problems but closer to the climax and the new found awareness that they were both in the same line of work, their romance rekindled. This marital problem which seemed to manifest upon the discovery of each other’s line but instead rekindled their lost romance can be gleaned on the following dialogue where there seems to be a disconnect in their COMMUNICATION CODES: The audience might have the initial impression that the couple is in conflict and their marriage is about to breakdown. What happened in fact was the opposite because the couple just needs a little adventure and â€Å"fire† in their relationship and this seeming conflict rekindled that romance again albeit this method is quite unusual. This just shows that Brad and Angelina had a majestic chemistry that transcended on film and generated a unique essence to the movie. It was obvious to notice the true attraction the actors had for each other despite the acted conflict. In addition to the theories observed between the couple’s roles during the movie, the nature of their off camera intimate relationship correlate with the INDEPENDENT COUPLES theory; THIS CONCEPT DESCRIBES MARRIED PARTNERS WHO EXHIBIT SHARING AND COMPANIONSHIP AND PSYCHOLOGICALLY INTERDEPENDENT BUT ALLOW EACH OTHER INDIVIDUAL SPACE. After shooting the movie Mr. Mrs. Smith, Angelina was quoted saying. † We both have been married before, so its not marriage that necessarily keeps some people together.† Brad and Angelina have been in a lasting relationship for over five years but have not married. However, they are committed to raising their children together and continued to allow the other to pursue their movie careers. Pitt and Jolies relationship became one of